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Terms of Use
By using this site you accept these terms. They are short and say roughly what you would expect: the content is educational, it is not advice about you, and you may read and cite it but not republish it wholesale.
What this site is
Surgeonring publishes educational reference material on human anatomy, physiology, biology and histology. It is written for students, healthcare learners and interested general readers. It is a reference, in the way a textbook is a reference.
It is not medical advice
Nothing on this site is medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment recommendation for any particular person, and reading it creates no doctor-patient or other professional relationship. Articles describe how bodies work in general; they cannot account for your history, your medication, your examination findings or your circumstances.
If you have symptoms or a decision to make about your own health, speak to a qualified clinician who can assess you. In an emergency, call your local emergency number rather than reading anything, here or elsewhere.
Accuracy, and telling us when we are wrong
Articles are written from standard reference texts and current professional guidelines, each article names its sources, and each carries a publication date and a last-reviewed date. Medicine changes, and an article that was correct when written may not stay correct. We make no warranty that any page is complete, current or free of error.
If you find a mistake we want to hear about it. Send the article, the sentence and, if you can, the source you believe is correct, to hello@surgeonring.com. Substantive corrections change the article and its reviewed date.
Content and copyright
The written articles on this site are the original work of Surgeonring and are protected by copyright. You are welcome to read them, print them for your own study, link to them, and quote short passages with attribution and a link. You may not republish whole articles, sell them, or present them as your own work, and you may not use them to train a model or populate another site.
The anatomical plates are engravings by Henry Vandyke Carter for Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, published in 1918 and in the public domain worldwide. Each file's licence status was verified before use, and the original figure number is printed with the image. Those images carry no restriction from us.
Acceptable use
Use the site lawfully. Do not attempt to gain unauthorised access to it, interfere with its operation, scrape it at a rate that degrades it for other readers, or use it to distribute malware or unlawful material.
Links to other sites
Articles cite external sources, mostly journals, professional bodies and health services, so that you can check what we have written. We do not control those sites and are not responsible for their content, their accuracy or their privacy practices. A citation is a pointer to evidence, not an endorsement of everything at the other end of the link.
Liability
The site is provided as it is, without warranties of any kind. To the fullest extent the law allows, we are not liable for any loss or harm arising from your use of, or reliance on, anything published here. Nothing in these terms limits liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence, for fraud, or for anything else that cannot lawfully be limited.
Changes
These terms may be updated, and the date at the top of the page will change when they are. Continuing to use the site after a change means you accept the revised terms.
Questions
Anything here that is unclear, or that you disagree with, is worth telling us about.